Analysis Of Henrik Ibsen s A Doll s House - 989 Words

Henrik Ibsen’s â€Å"A Doll’s House† is a tragic story depicting women as less equal to men. The story uses symbolism throughout the play, playing off the title. In Ibsen’s story he shows the tale of Nora Helmar, a ditz woman with a spending habit who devotes herself to her husband Torvald. Torvald is an overbearing man who treats his wife Nora as lesser than himself, as if she was a child. Controlling her, the play looks into Torvald’s mind and shows he believes Nora is actually less than a child but, a plaything - like a doll. Nora is completely dependent on Torvald, Torvald controls her in every way and seems to enjoy his status as her Puppeteer. Nora shall do anything to please her husband, whereas Torvald only thinks of himself and places both his social and physical appearance ahead of Nora. We see early on the relationship between Nora and Torvald is an unhealthy one. Act I of the play opens as Nora returns to her home, having just purchased a Christmas tree and gives the delivery man extra money, it is at this point that she secretly eats macaroons and cautiously listens to her husband through the door. Later he asks if she had been breaking the rules by eating sweets â€Å"Hasn’t Miss Sweet-Tooth been breaking rules in town to-day?† (231). Nora tells him that she wouldn’t even think about going against his wishes, to which he responses with â€Å"No, I am sure of that!† (231). Showing that he has told her she isn’t to eat sweets and that not only does he believe that she won’t goShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Henrik Ibsen s A Doll House 1823 Words   |  8 PagesA Doll House is a play that was written by Henrik Ibsen in 1879. Nora Helmer is a wife and mother who secretly loaned money to save her husband’s, Torvald, life . Torvald views and treats Nora has a doll and she goes along with it. As conflict comes and goes Nora decides that her current life is not what she wants for herself. She no longer wants to be anyone’s â€Å"doll† and decides to leave her family in search of independence. This play was controversial during the time it was written becauseRead MoreAnalysis Of Henrik Ibsen s A Doll House 1152 Words   |  5 PagesHenrik Ibsen’s play â€Å"A Doll House† addresses the importance of the roles women play throughout this time period. Women are thought to be like â€Å"dolls† to their husbands, by obeying their commands and keeping a good image. We see the main character, Nora Helmer struggle to keep her perfect image of a great wife as troubles start to arise. Throughout the play we begin to see Nora push through her troubles and find her true identity, Nora shifts from being the loving, perfect wife, to being a strongRead MoreAnalysis Of Henrik Ibs en s A Doll House884 Words   |  4 Pagestransform minor lies such as white lies into something more dangerous. When one works to conceal a lie, a cloud of deception hangs over those involved and can lead to the destruction of friendships, relationships, and even marriages. In Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll House, he uses the motif of lies and deception to illustrate the fragileness of the Helmer’s marriage, which ultimately leads to its demise. Nora Helmer, a naà ¯ve woman who has never been given the chance to mature into an independent womanRead MoreAnalysis Of Henrik Ibsen s A Doll House995 Words   |  4 Pagesimagining and guiding the integration of all these elements belongs to the director. One of the toughest tasks of a director is to reinvigorate a socially important and renowned production while maintaining its original message and composition. Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll House is a socially important realistic play that portrays the gender dynamics that plagued the nineteenth century and questions the expectations held for women in a household and society. The play is still incredibly influential because the issuesRead MoreAnalysis Of Henrik Ibsen s A Doll House 851 Words   |  4 PagesHenrik Ibsens’s, A Doll House, details the lives of the Helmers, a seemingly perfect couple. As the story progresses from act to act, it becomes quite obvious that their relationship is everything but perfect. Complic ations arise quickly when a forged loan by Nora Helmer is brought to her husband Torvald’s attention. The prejudices women experience, particularly, Nora is a definite tone in this play. Henrick Ibsen does a great job at showing both sides of the oppression of women, particularly withinRead MoreAn Analysis Of Henrik Ibsen s A Doll s House923 Words   |  4 Pages A Symbol of the Times Henrik Ibsen masterfully uses symbolism to add depth and meaning to his play A Doll’s House. The story is about a housewife named Nora who gets into trouble when she forges her father’s name to borrow money for her husband’s sake. Many objects take on new meaning in this story, from the Christmas tree in the opening scene to the slammed door at the end. Ibsen uses Nora as symbol representing how many women in that time period were treated like objects. The literal meaning ofRead MoreAnalysis Of Henrik Ibsen s A Doll s House 909 Words   |  4 Pages The three-act play A Doll’s House by Henrik Ibsen, is centered around the protagonist, Nora Helmer whose never been by herself. She lived with her father until he became ill and was left to die on his deathbed, to living with her obliviously controlling husband, Torvald Helmer, who treats her like a possession more than a person. In the beginning of the play, Nora’s sneaky attitude is caused by her hu sband treating her like a â€Å"doll† (hence the name, A Doll’s House). He’s about to get a new jobRead MoreAnalysis Of Henrik Ibsen s A Doll s House 1381 Words   |  6 PagesNora’s Transformation from Repression to Liberation in A Doll’s House The play in prose A Doll’s House is written by Henrik Ibsen, and set in Norway in 1879. By inserting symbols into the storyline, Henrik Ibsen reveals the theme of female submissiveness and male superiority during the 19th century and highlights character revelation in the play, namely through Nora’s transformation from being repressed to being liberated. Ibsen includes a variety of symbols throughout this work, specificallyRead MoreAn Analysis Of Henrik Ibsen s A Doll s House 970 Words   |  4 PagesA Doll’s House Ashleen Kaushal TOPIC: The theme of heredity in the play I. Introduction Henrik Ibsen’s three-act play, A Doll’s House, follows a seemingly typical housewife as she becomes painfully aware of the flaws in her marriage with a condescending, chauvinistic man. Ibsen uses the ideology of a Victorian society as a backdrop to inject the theme of heredity in the play. He employs several characters to demonstrate the different facets of heredity in order to highlight how this conceptRead MoreAnalysis Of Henrik Ibsen s A Doll s House 1325 Words   |  6 PagesFamilies Destroyed by Secrecies In Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll s House† (March 20, 1828 - May 23, 1906) and â€Å"Oedipus the King†, by Sophocles (which is an Athenian tragedy performed 495 B.C.E. - 405 B.C.E.) both have men who were destroyed by a secret which lead them to their horrible outcomes on life because of the conflicts in their relationships with their families although, both pieces of Literature were written many years apart from each other and in different areas of time. Two characters who

Steve Jobs Goal was to Change the World - 546 Words

â€Å"Do you want to spend the rest of your life selling sugar, water or do you want a chance to change the world?† (Steve Jobs). When Steve Jobs was an infant he was given up and adopted by a Clara and Paul Jobs. Clara worked as an accountant and Paul worked as a coast guard veteran and machinist. A couple years later when Steve started going to elementary he was a prankster. He didn’t even want to study during his class time. Throughout time Steve Jobs becomes a prominent and virtuous person who had an interesting life in Apple and outside Apple and even more fascinating were his inventions. When he was in fourth grade his teacher had to bribe him just to make him study. But he tested so well that the Administrators wanted to skip him all the way to high school but Clara and Paul denied this request. Everyone that jobs meet just about had an idea of his potential inside because Jobs was a smart and innovative thinker. His family lived in Mountain View withi n California’s silicon valley. Jobs found something that he really liked as a kid and that was working on electronics in Jobs family garage. This was a hobby, which gave Jobs confidence, tactics, and made mechanical progress in the world. Silicon Valley became know as Silicon Valley because of the spread of semi-conductor companies during the 1950s. Steve jobs grew up in a neighborhood of engineer’s working on electronic devices and other electronic things in garages on weekends mostly. This formed hisShow MoreRelatedWorld Leaders1410 Words   |  6 PagesGreat World Leaders Melissa Edwards MGT 380 Leadership for Organizations January 6, 2012 Great World Leaders When I think of great world leaders, certain characteristics and traits come to mind. For someone to be considered a great world leader, they need to have done something special, something that changed society in a major way. Great leaders are not afraid of change or being shunned by society. When I think of great world leaders, I think of Steve Jobs, Apple, CEO because he was passionateRead MoreSteve Jobs Essay1275 Words   |  6 Pagesbecause they change things... they push the human race forward, and while some may see them as the crazy ones, we see genius, because the ones who are crazy enough to think that they can change the world, are the ones who do (Moncur 1).† This statement by Steve Jobs is what I believe drove him to his success. Jobs had a very successful life and impacted many people around the globe. He led the way of how computers are used and accessed today. To fully understand and appreciate Steve Job’s work,Read MoreMaslows Hierarchy of Needs T heory1595 Words   |  7 Pages OF THE COMPANY 5 APPLE COMPUTERS,INC 5 INFORMATION ABOUT THE COMPANY’S MANAGER 6 STEVE JOBS 6 STEVE JOBS LEADERSHIP STYLES AND MOTIVATION TECHNIQUES 7 CONCLUSION 9 REFERENCES 10 â€Æ' INTRODUCTION In this section ,we will discuss about the topics motivation, motivation theory.Motivation is defined as the interaction between person and the situation.For attaining goal,persons efforts are energized,directed and sustained.And Maslow’s Hierarchy of needsRead MoreChanging A Companys Culture1497 Words   |  6 PagesComputer as how change can take place based on the leadership of a single individual. This would be no other than Steven Paul Jobs, better known to the world of Steve Jobs. Mr. Jobs was worth slightly over million dollars at the age of 23. By the time he was 24 years old he was worth just over $10 million and by the time he reached the age of 25 was worth well over $100 million dollars. A staggering difference in just a three-year period (Denning, 2011). In the interview that was given to RobertRead MoreLeadership : The Steve Jobs Case Study1549 Words   |  7 PagesLeadership: The Steve Jobs Case study During his life, Steve Jobs was one of the most innovative and influential leaders of his time. It could be said that he occupies one part of the continuum as a transformational leader who demonstrates the qualities of a transformational leader. Jobs used the corrective transactions of a transactional leader, such as harsh criticism (which can be seen as punishment) when a staff did not meet his expectations. Just like a transformational leader, he paid attentionRead MoreSteve Jobs Leadership Essay1064 Words   |  5 PagesSome would say that Steve Jobs, co-founder of Apple Computers Inc., was an exceptional leader. However, there are many who would disagree with that statement. Jobs could define leadership in some aspects, yet he fell short in others. Jobs’ leadership style is difficult to pin down because his position fit very many styles. Steve Jobs co-founded Apple in 1976 and in 1984 he created the Macintosh, the first small computer with a graphic interface. Unfortunately in 1985 Jobs was forced to leave afterRead MoreSteve Jobs as a Visionary and Transformational Leader1165 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Introduction Steve Jobs unique approach to leadership and visionary approach to creating, producing and selling innovative products, combined with his innate ability to orchestrate increasingly complex companies have earned him many accolades. Fortune Magazine named him the best leader of the Decade and countless other publications, colleges and universities have given him many accolades and honorary degrees. All these external measures of success reflect who Steve Jobs is on a daily basis,Read MoreCase Study: Steve Jobs Apples1584 Words   |  7 PagesCase Study: Steve Jobs amp; Apple Sharell Byrd HSC_6304 July 8, 2012 Dr. Samantha Murray Abstract Steve Jobs success story began in 1976 when he and a friend built the first personal computer. He founded Apple in 1970s; he was the Chairman and CEO of Apple Computers Incorporations until he was fired by the board of directors. He did not let this obstacle stop him. He went and started other businesses and developments in 1984, he developedRead MoreOrganizational Planning And Decision Making1588 Words   |  7 Pagesin order to survive. Organizational plans and goals for a company are derived directly from the company’s mission statement. When a company starts out, the individuals involved need to have a strong understanding of and commitment to the mission statement, because the mission statement is what sets the business apart from others and identifies the extent of the business’ operations (Griffin, 2013). As a company puts together a mission statement, goals for the company arise and aid in providing guidanceRead MoreLeadership Is An Important Element Of The Ma nagement Function Essay983 Words   |  4 Pages1 Steve Jobs CEO, Apple Introduction Leadership is an important element of the management function. Leadership involves ability to integrate human resources and firm’s goals. Different situations may warrant different kinds of leadership. A business leader knows how to motivate people, accomplish goals, and get things done quickly. Leaders act as middlemen between employees and organization s objectives. Leaders reveal attributes of courage, creativity, and entrepreneurial energy. Strong leaders

Australian Migration and Practice for Citizenship - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theAustralian Migration Law and Practicefor Citizenship. Answer: Discussion Sub: A Comprehensive Letter of Advice Dear Anna, It is notified to you about the details of the migration process where you have obtained a registration for being a migration agent in Australia. Therefore a huge of obligation has lied for you where it is necessary to follows the Code of Conduct as per the Migration Act 1958. There is a special standard in the code of conduct where the migration agents are bound to follow them while they are practicing in the practical field. The clients whom they are conducting, towards them it is their duty to provide services in a proper ethical and lawful ways[1]. The code of conduct set such legislation where it helps to control, monitor and regulate the migration agents as per the conducts. it is also helps you to know that the Code of Conducts is legislate by the Section 314 of the Migration Act 1958 and which is also mentioned in Schedule 2, Regulation 8 of the Migration Agents Regulations 1998. The Migration Agents Registration Authority (MARA) is the only regulatory bodies were the Code of Conducts is helps to perform. Therefore the authority also mentioned such legislations where it has been mentioned that if the registered migration agents have breached the Code of Conducts then they can loss their registration and also finned with penalties[2]. According to the case study, it has been found that she has recently got the registration from the Migration Agents Registration Authority (MARA) and started to practice in the new field. The sec- 303(1) of the Migration Act provides the legislations where it has been mentioned about the acts of the Migration Agents Registration Authority who has rights to take legal actions against the migration agent who fails to maintain the Code of Conducts then they can cancel the authority of the registration of the migration agent[3]. The Code of Conducts has some particular of aim which includes: It helps to set and establish a particular standard of conducts for the registered migration agents. The minimum attributes where the migration agents have the ability to complete works according to the codes[4]. Therefore the migration agents are also requires having the enough ability to know about the legislation of the Migration Act and Migration Regulations ad other relevant legislations which are applicable in Australia[5]. This is the duty of the migration agent that they will act with honesty and diligently. The dealing with the clients also requires having fair terms where they must understand the issues of the migration agents and act according to the proper way of dealing with the clients who will come to them[6]. They are also requires to have the ability to manage and control the issues of the clients. It is important to establish a relationship between the migration agent and client. The code of conducts also set such provisions where it is important to follow the accurate process while they are conducting with the migration process for their clients. According to the process of the agents are required to set charges for the processing fees of the migration acts. it is the duty of them that they will solve the disputes of the clients who facing issues[7]. In this Case, though Anna has the authority of the migration agent, she has no experience in the practical field. As she has got the order from a reputed client she has put wrong information about her experience in the practice field of migration agent. Therefore for her own benefits in her practice field she has breach the code of conducts of the migration agents. She has already taken the advanced payment for the processing of the migration agent. Now she is bound to provide every service to her client. Now according to the code of conducts the migration agent is not supposed to intimate with any conducts under the manipulation of cultural or ethnic exercise which is against of the ethic practices. Therefore she has breached the duty of the migration agent according to the code of conducts. The registered agents is requires to have the ability work according to the code of conducts[8]. The migration agent registration authority MARA is introduced the self regulation migration process for the migration agents where they follow their duties towards the clients while they are conducting with the visa process for the migration purposes[9]. The migration a chance has several do it is towards the client where they must perform according to the code of conducts. They are supposed to provide services regarding the migration process and they are also paid for their services. The migration agents are supposed to provide services and Advisors for the immigration assistance where they can get financial benefits for providing services they have the knowledge to process for the immigration for their clients where they know the migration act, migration Regulation and other migration procedure which are related with several policies and procedures[10]. While they assisting their clients they should have the intent to assist that person where they also it able to provide the proper information if any conflict arises then it is the duty of the migration agent that they should solve the issues and the applied for the immigration services while the migration agents are charging to their clients for the services. It also necessary to ask about proper charges which are not affects the clients financial condition. Therefore it is also necessary that the Advisors which they are providing should mentioned orally or in writing because then must not hold out any unsubstituted or unjustified prospects which acids the ultimate success for that client[11]. In addition to the situation it also mentioned that are not provide any wrong information of documentation in the migration authority because it will may cause penalties for breach of contract. The visa processing is depends accounting to the visa process by the migration agents and if any extra circumstances or any qualification or any modification the migration agents are required to have more face then they can provide the information to the client along with the service charges. The Other constitution charges are different[12]. The part 3 of the migration Act 1958 the section 312 has legislate the provisions where the migration agents while providing services as per the immigration service towards the client where they must provide the information about the notification regarding the visa applications. It has been processed under a process which helps to the migration agents that they should work according to the best interest and must apply the appropriate existing law of provis ion regarding the issues of the client. the conflict should not placed while the migration agents are working on any issues and they are performing their services[13]. If any issue occurs which affect the clients then they can terminate the services by the migration agent. The agents must have and insurance where they can provide services towards the clients who are having any financial losses at the time of processing then the regulation of 6B. While the migration agents are putting any advertisement on the Internet therefore they must are required to put the agency name and the registration number which helps to provide a detailed information about the service provider[14]. The migration agents are also put the duties towards their clients where they must provide the details about the written consent which is required for the process in migration. If they agreed with the offer then they should have a copy of the consumer services and make a record for the process. The other possible details are also must collect by the migration agent. They are also bound to the duties where they are not allowed to disclose any details about dear clients information who are conducting the immigration services[15]. Now as you are making the application for a Business Talent visa class EA subclass 132, it is necessary to follow some requirements to lose the valid visa application. It is a permanent residence visa which not defines as investment visa. When a person who is under the age of 55 they got a special permit for permanent residence due to their excellent commercial background and who are high net worth people[16]. This visa provides the services to the candidates who want to settle in a particular Territory or State of Australia for setting up a business and which also makes exceptional economic advantages to that particular Territory of that state then this visa will give the opportunity for those visa candidates who want to Grab the opportunity[17]. While the applicant apply for this visa they must have write an application to submit an expression of interest (EOI) through the online Visa and immigration facilities. It also provides more than one Australia Business Talent visa class EA subclass 132 under a particular stream of Venture Capital Entrepreneurs Stream and the Significant Business History Stream[18]. The significant business history stream provides the authority for the prosperous owners all the part where they are interested to maintain key management role in that existing business. In the other hand the venture capital entrepreneurs streams provide search significance where the applicants who received at least Aud1 million in funding from any Australian venture capital group for the purpose of the business. The basic requirements for the application of business telling visa subclass 132 the candidate must submit the UAE they must have the nomination from any Australia Territory or State Administrative the person sho uld be aged below 55 years they must have possesses businesses and other resources which net value should be AUD 1.5 million[19]. There are some major benefits for the applicant who got the permanent business visa of subclass 132 where they can set up a new or build up a business and also allow the family members to stay with them in Australia stream is a visa where the applicant will have an indefinite period of residency and along with the business purposes[20]. That person can apply for a job and pursue the studies under this visa application there also register for Medicare the Nations popular program for health associated care and expenses in Australia as being the citizen of Australia they can file a petition and the other family members are also entitled to offered the permanent residence[21]. Therefore it is necessary for the migration agent to follow up all the information and must process on the visa application according to the code of conducts and migration Act 1958. Thank you. Reference Aas, K.F. and Bosworth, M. eds., 2013. The borders of punishment: Migration, citizenship, and social exclusion. Oxford University Press. Boese, Martina, Iain Campbell, Winsome Roberts, and Joo-Cheong Tham. "Temporary migrant nurses in Australia: Sites and sources of precariousness." The Economic and Labour Relations Review 24, no. 3 (2013): 316-339. Casas-Cortes, M., Cobarrubias, S., De Genova, N., Garelli, G., Grappi, G., Heller, C., Hess, S., Kasparek, B., Mezzadra, S., Neilson, B. and Peano, I., 2015. New keywords: migration and borders. Cultural Studies, 29(1), pp.55-87. Crawford, R. and Macnamara, J., 2014. An agent of change: Public relations in early twentieth-century Australia. Pathways to public relations: Histories of practice and profession. Dowd, A.C., Pak, J.H. and Bensimon, E.M., 2013. The role of institutional agents in promoting transfer access. Education Policy Analysis Archives/Archivos Analticos de Polticas Educativas, 21. Fitzgerald, J., Leblang, D. and Teets, J.C., 2014. Defying the law of gravity: The political economy of international migration. World Politics, 66(3), pp.406-445. Hollifield, J., Martin, P. and Orrenius, P., 2014. Controlling immigration: A global perspective. Stanford University Press. Leong, S., 2015. 10 Provisional Business Migrants to Western Australia, Social Media, and Conditional Belonging. Media and Communication in the Chinese Diaspora: Rethinking Transnationalism, 44, p.184. Migration Act 1958 Smith, D., Payne, D., Horne, M. and Claridge, D., 2016. Developments in Australian migration. Canadian Studies in Population, 43(1-2), pp.117-145.

Progressive Rock Legacy free essay sample

This counterculture allowed music to improper for the time period and the revolution of rock music. Bob Dylan was one of the first to introduce progressive rock music. He was doing a show at a folk music concert when he plugged in his electric guitar while singing folk music. People in the crowed were outrage, but in due time the music caught on. Bob Dylan combined bluegrass with rock music and created masterpieces. His spontaneity and creativity allowed listeners to slowly ease into a new type of music. The Beetles, like Bob Dylan, created new sounds for their audiences.Given hat the Beetles were very popular, they could experiment more than most artists without the fear of failure. The Beetles added lyrics about racy subjects that would have appalled many people just a couple years before. Since the Beetles were so popular and they exposed the public to this new progressive rock music, it allowed other artist to join the progressive rock era. We will write a custom essay sample on Progressive Rock Legacy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Progressive rock music cannot easily be defined. The music includes new sounds, jam sessions, drippy noises, and combining all sort of musical genres into one. White middle aged, middle class kids normally listened to this Pee f music.Largely influenced by the music, many of these listeners had a very different view of the world from their parents. These kids liked the experiences they got while listing to progressive rock music. It was something that they could talk about with their friends and not their parents. This was known as the generation gap. The idea of love, freedom, and minimal materialistic needs among these young listeners lead to a movement known as the Hippie Movement. The hippies had a completely different view of the world than those living in normal society.Instead of finding happiness in families, jobs, and nice things, hippies found happiness in the non-materialistic things in life. The hippies no longer spent money on an education, nice clothes, or even a shelter. Second hand stuff was popular amongst this movement. Love once meant marriage, but the hippie saw it in a different light. Everyone loved everyone and sex was very common. The hippie counterculture did not frown on making love without being married. Many of these people had multiple partners and that was accepted. Countless number of the songs during the sixties agreed with he hippie counterculture.Songs such as Like a Rolling Stone by the Beetles talked about how well educated people dropped out of society to live a simple life. The song addresses issues such as having no direction and having to scrounge for the next meal. The hippies did not mind living this kind of live style. Other songs such as Love me Do also by the Beetles, although very simple explain the sex culture between the hippies. Lyrics such as Someone to love, Somebody new, Someone to love, Someone like you showed it did not matter who you were loving as long as you were open to new experiences.The reason why people of the hippie movement liked to listen to this new type of rock music and join a counterculture that goes against everything normal In society is because the listener is free to intemperate the music any way they wanted. Unlike in real life no one is telling the listener what to do or think. The hippies were about individualism and freedom to express and the music let them experience that. A normal conversation between two hippies would be about what they thought the music was trying to convey and how the music made them feel. They would learn from each other and were free o think what they wanted.The principal common thread that was apart Of not only the hippie movement, but also most of the artist of the late sixties that was part of the counterculture and progressive rock music was drugs. Drugs such as marijuana and acid were very popular within the hippie culture because it allowed them to escape reality and opened their minds to the music. It was a way for the hippies to feel the music in a way they could not when they sober. The feeling of being apart of the song not just listening to the song was key for the hippies listening to the music.The drugs allowed the mind to escape and enjoy the present time. A quote from Tony (ask ajar his last name), a famous musician, nails why the drugs such as marijuana and acid were so popular for people listening to music. Tony states, l think if you smoke (marijuana) this enables you to sit back and relax more than anything, and lets you listen (to music), you know, without any hang-ups, you sit back and listen. Whereas with acid you see right into the music its a bigger thing altogether. You hear things on Pink Floyd on acid, well I do, that I dont hear when Im straight.When on drugs the listener can intemperate the meaning of the songs in a completely different manner then if the listener is sober. Going along with the counterculture of the hippie movement, freedom is key and drug allowed hippies to think freely when listening to the new and improved groovy tracks. Expression did not only come in the form of talking amongst the hippies. Hippies at live shows while on acid would expression themselves through dance. The acid allowed the listener to dance whatever way the music made them feel. This goes back to the individualism that was o important to the hippie movement. People did not judge one another by the way they dance, everyone was so into the music that they were Oblivious to what was going on next to them. Another form of expression was the light shows during live performances. Artist would combine very colorful lightships to enhance the viewing experience of the listener. A very popular visual effect would be projecting oil and water onto a big screen. Combining great music and stimulating visual effects with drugs such as acid caused the hippie culture to be infatuated with live shows. Live shows were so popular and it would allow artist to be exposed.Without the live shows, artist would not have got nearly as much exposure to new fans. Many of the artist in the sixties were joining in on the counterculture and experimenting with drugs. By using drugs the artist became more experimental and could connect with the listeners. While writing artist could keep the listeners in mind and right music that would be stimulating to everyone. Drawn out solos and experimenting with all different types of sounds were encouraged. Songs included very interesting noises such as mounds of animals locked up in cages and sounds of love making between groups of people.These were included to allow the listener to intemperate the song in a way that made sense to them. A great example of an artist that connected with his audience and joined in On the counterculture Of the sixties Was Jimmy Hendrix. He would talk about his experiences with the drugs such is so in the song Purple Haze. This would allow the audience to connect with him. Not only was Jimmy Hendrix making great music, but he was also part of the listeners counterculture. Jimmy also included sick Guitar licks in his music. Real groovy stuff.His guitar sounded like it was telling a story all by itself. The counterculture of the sasss that included the hippie movement, the expression of freedom, love and drugs, all contributed to the great music that was produced during that time. It helped music become progressive rock music. The progression was attributed to both the artist and the followers. If the artist did not have the hippie movement, the culture would have been much different and the music would not have been so experimental. Drugs, art of the hippie movement, were very important to this movement as well.

How to Get Reviews

How to Get Reviews I did one of my two-minute podcasts this week on collecting reviews for books, because my mailbox is swamped with articles, podcasts, blog posts, and queries to me on how to land reviews. Just this week I heard from an author friend of mine who just released two books in a series at once. . . and still has less than ten reviews on the two combined even after the publisher sent out hundreds (yep, you read that right) of review copies. Week before last, I posted a call for reviewers on my Facebook page. I have four books with less than 100 reviews (82, 64, 51, and 47 for my last four books), and my goal this year is to reach 100 for all my books. Yes, I read reviews. Do I let a one-star destroy my day? No. Frankly, I dont breathe easy until someone has left me a pissy review, just so its out of my system. As a matter of fact, Newberry Sin has a 4.9/5 rating on Amazon, with only one three-star review. No ones or twos. Beats me why someone hasnt bashed it yet. My editor says thats because theres nothing to bash, but shes just being sweet. Nobody writes a book everybody likes. But how to get reviews? You coordinate them. You are going to learn that there are bookstore people, library people, and Amazon people, and usually, the bookstore people dont post reviews on Amazon. The anti-Amazon people wont post reviews on Amazon. Therefore, people who are active online and make Amazon purchases constitute the preferred reviewer. (Of course, if someone you know has a review column in a major publication, A close second preferred reader is a strong Goodreads person. Do they make their reading choices based upon Goodreads? Then great. Ask away, though an Amazon person will most likely also post on Goodreads. I start with social media, setting a time period in which I am seeking reviews, making it somewhat of a big deal, like an event. I offer print or ebook. Some publishers no longer do print ARCs or review copies. They are indeed pricey, especially when many requestors do not follow through. However, be prepared to send out some print copies. Yes, the cost can add up. Take note of who is doing your reviews. The plus of asking on social media or having to mail/email copies of the books is that you have their contact info. You can then follow-up and ask if they received the book a couple weeks later. This is NOT so you can push them to review. NEVER push someone to review. However, if someone does not follow-through, you know never to send them a review copy again. Common sense without breaking any cardinal rules. After nine novels, I have a list of what I call permanent reviewers. Ill send them a copy of any new release because they always review. Sometimes I ask in FundsforWriters, and other times in my author newsletter C. Hope Clark (sign up at www.chopeclark.com). This past week I sent out 40 copies. Reviews are already coming in. And I thank them. . . gush over them. These people are golden and deserve to be treated accordingly. So, in summation. . . you build relationships. Receiving a free book isnt enough. Goodness knows there are too dang many of those out there to the point that isnt a big deal. Its the back and forth, the willingness to respect and converse with anyone, the manners to say please and thank you. Its being generous and grateful. Readers love helping you if they feel appreciated, and I feel pretty darn grateful for mine.

Why University Admission Essays Get Denied

Why University Admission Essays Get Denied Why University Admission Essays Get Denied Every year thousands of university admission essays are reviewed by Toronto university boards. The purpose of these essays is to narrow the list of applicants to the students that meet stringent university standards. While no two schools share the same set of admission and essay criteria, these factors should be taken into consideration: GPA Your qualities as a student (including extracurriculars and strengths) Your future contribution to the university, if accepted These key elements can direct your outline as you draft your essay. Here are some reasons admission essays get rejected: Grades don’t meet university requirements. Many universities are academically competitive. For some hopeful candidates, their grade point average may be the reason their essays aren’t even read. Incomplete application. One institution may requires three essays on different topics and another may asks for only one essay, in addition to quantitative data like test scores. Some applicants make the mistake of â€Å"copying and pasting† the same application for different institutions without reading individual requirements. Read each university’s instructions carefully. Wordy essay. Every admissions board reviews hundreds of applications. They are likely to quickly dismiss essays that are filled with incoherent ramblings. Write in a clear and direct tone and delete unnecessary â€Å"flourishes.† Vague writing. An essay that glosses over or omits important details can lead to rejection of a candidate. Writing that fails to cite specific examples (or an essay loaded with general pronouncements that have little meaning) will be discarded. Multiple errors. If your essay is rife with spelling and grammatical mistakes, it gives the impression you pay little attention to detail. Proofread your work and ask your guidance counsellor or a trusted teacher to review your essay and give honest feedback. Limited enrollment. Sometimes there simply aren’t enough spots for qualified candidates. In this case, acceptance or rejection may seem somewhat arbitrary, but a polished essay will increase your likelihood of admission. An admissions essay is a tool that helps universities narrow their list of potential students accepted for the upcoming term. This essay can encapsulate a student’s academic profile and/or indicate their future potential. Some applicants may struggle to write multiple essays, which can be both frustrating and discouraging. in Toronto employs professional writers who have experience writing quality college admissions essays. Our friendly team of writers are more than happy to help you draft a college admissions essay. To increase your chances of getting accepted into your dream school,

Organizational Tax Research and Planning - Tax Reform Paper

Organizational Tax and Planning - Tax Reform - Research Paper Example This proposal can be implemented by providing qualified employers with wage increases accompanied by a tax credit (Committee on Ways and Means, 2013). The tax credit should be equal to 10% of the increase in the employer’s wage increase. The maximum amount of the increase could be set at five million dollars per employer. On the other hand, the maximum credit should be $500,000 in order to focus on the benefits accruing to the small businesses. Indeed this proposal is the most viable. This rationale can be explained by the fact that a tax credit would reduce labor costs in the economy thus, encouraging firms to hire more workers (Jurinski, 2000). Employees will also benefit since, they will secure job opportunities in the economy. A tax credit would be more beneficial compared to a flat subsidy because, the temporary tax credit for all firms would lead to sharing of the credits and providing an incentive that would lead to an increase in employment and wages that previously, w ould have been increased without an incentive. An incremental tax credit will also have an effect of rewarding corporate businesses by expanding industries and regions in the country while at the same time helping those firms and industries that might be still experiencing economic stagnation. Therefore, indeed corporate taxpayers have huge benefits to reap from this policy. Businesses experiencing labor shortages due to the recession will also benefit from the increase in the employment (Jurinski, 2000).... ecause, the temporary tax credit for all firms would lead to sharing of the credits and providing an incentive that would lead to an increase in employment and wages that previously, would have been increased without an incentive. An incremental tax credit will also have an effect of rewarding corporate businesses by expanding industries and regions in the country while at the same time helping those firms and industries that might be still experiencing economic stagnation. Therefore, indeed corporate taxpayers have huge benefits to reap from this policy. Businesses experiencing labor shortages due to the recession will also benefit from the increase in the employment (Jurinski, 2000). With the tax relief, businesses will also increase their profitability level since; they will have increased their productivity. The key impact of repatriating foreign profits earned without incurring a federal tax liability is reduction of a tax expense on corporations (Urban-Brookings Tax Policy Cent er, 2013). Corporations will have a lower trading expense when given a tax credit on the federal tax. In addition, many trading corporations will also be attracted to engage in foreign trade. This is because; most businesses normally shy away from foreign trade due to the high federal taxes. Therefore, they prefer trading in the local market in order to avoid incurring these tax expenses. Reduction of the federal tax liability will also have positive implications on the US economy (Jurinski, 2000). This is because there will be many businesses engaged in foreign trade and thus, there will be an increase in foreign income generated to the country. The demand for goods and services produced in the country will also increase since; corporations will be serving both the local and foreign

Journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 56

Journal - Essay Example I lived with friends, so the rent I was paying was quite a bargain. I was driven and started looking for work immediately. After two months of desperate searching I landed in a travel agency as a sales consultant. The job was an hour and a half away by public transport and I had to change 2 trains and a bus in order to get there. I started at 10 and finished at 7 with an hour lunch break. I was waking up 7.30, getting dressed out of the door by 8, to ensure that I was there at least 10 minutes before my shift and had enough time to buy breakfast before work. I never finished at 7 pm. Sometimes I had to stay until 8, so until I got home it was a good 9.30 pm. I was also required to work on Saturdays 3 times a month. I managed to stay at this job for 2 months. I couldnt handle the 3 hours travelling any longer, the low salary and 6 days work commitment. This was one of the most demanding and exhausting jobs I ever had. An anecdotal experience was when a customer called while I was still working for the travel agency asking to book a holiday to Luxor. We were talking for about 45 minutes about pyramids, night life, pools and kids activities. I was just confirming the flights to Las Vegas, when the customer interrupted me very bewildered. It turned out that, he wanted to go to Luxor in Egypt and I was talking about the hotel Luxor in Las Vegas. Funnily, the customer recommended me to his brother and in few days he called to book Las Vegas – hotel Luxor. I was working at a very busy and hectic call centre. There were always new employees coming and leaving. It was difficult to handle 3 different work shits covering 24 hours. One day, a couple came along and the manager introduced them to the floor. They will be starting work in few days. They used to work for the call centre few years ago, but moved to another town and now they decided to come back. The conflict arose when the couple informed the manager that they preferred to sit together. There werent any

Bellinger and Transsexuals Essay Example for Free

Bellinger and Transsexuals Essay As we said earlier, there will be no virtual difference for the registrator whether Mrs. Bellinger would have been through surgical treatment at the moment of marriage or not. In the same manner, she will look equally feminine to people on the street before and after operation. The problem lays in her self perception. Acute desire to get rid of the abhorrant organs which (desire) borders with risc of self-mutilation or suicide was invoked by Harry Benjamine as reasons for surgical treatment of a patient. ‘Benjamine patient’ thus requires separate taxonomical niche and might also require medical and in extremal cases surgical treatment which , thus, looks akin to emergency surgical measures applicable to unstable patient. Surgical vocabulary has penetrated the terrain once inhabited by psychopathological terminology. Treatment of such hard cases involving Marginal drive towards unification with other sex by arsenal of intense psychoterapy was rendered futile and changed for more radical, surgical and hormonal technologies. Although, it is within approach of psychoterapy that demand of sex change, which was crucial in disclosure of syndrome itself, was recognized to â€Å"cover over another form of subjectivity that are fundamentally destabilizing. † It follows that emergency approach within which syndrome of expressed gender dysphoria taken at its extremity is only capable of rectification through surgical treatment intended at partial or full removal of secondary sexual attributes posseses not its past persuasiveness. Rather, its thesis about demand for sex change which serves as signifier of the syndrome invites critics on the ground of its Although, â€Å"Benjaminian patient† as a product of doctors and patients dialectical development of â€Å"cohesiveness for a subjectivity [which] constantly [is] under threat of destruction† is very appealing to the law. The law may find its subject in the â€Å"Benjamine patient†. Thus created taxonomical niche entail various legal situations. Earlier, we considered the possibility of Mrs. Bellinger’s actual marriage (in terms of social recognition of their civil union) in case if she would not undergo sex re-assignment procedure and concluded that marriage will be not less socially valid under that conditions. What if in her place was another person who only occasionally cross dress and does not wish to play that social role of woman forever? It is very possible that she would pass the social test and misled the public with its look but the degree to which she really needs that social and legal recognition is, presumably, incommensurable to that of Mrs. Bellinger. In this case, the fact that individual has undergone surgical procedure may testify her commitment to the purpose of ultimate unification with opposite gender (along the lines of ‘Benjamine patient’ approach) as well as underscore the intricasy of her psychosomatic neurosis ( psychopathology approach). In any case, surgical treatment dialigns the group of Marginal transvestites from other, Nuclear ones . And similary to medicine which aids that marginal patients by delivering them from their detestable organs , law is called to facilitate their further socialization into society by resolving the internal pressure they feel as regards inability to lawfully participate in civil unions. That law is called upon to faciliate in internal self development and self apprehension is no new: it has incorporated norms securing the right of disabled and retarded which contribute to their self esteem and facilitate their internal development or prevents them from [the threat] of destruction of personality. But is not it that law pre-maturely intervene into the relations which are to be at first clearified and agreed upon by the medical specialists and only then passed into the sight of law? Whether it us true or not that if there are presently two groups each of which has its explanation on what marginal transvestism is and how it should be treated then law is bound to side with one of those schools since no mutual agreement was developed? ‘Benjamine patient’ is very appealing taxonomical category which directly and logically connect Marginal transvestism (springing from expressedly antipathic reaction to individual original sex) and gender re-assignment treatment (which is deemed to be the only plausible resolution to thus posed problem). But in the eyes of law transvestite which undergone sex re-assignment posseses no single distinct advantage as compared to that (transvestite) which did not been through that treatment. It is gender identity of individual that matters when considering the issue of legislative changes to Matrimonial Causes Act. In this respect, gender re-assignment procedure is not a conclusive step which defines those who are eligible for the right to marriage; it is only one of those steps which are directed by human identity and, through acquiring further visual and material semblance, incrementally lead to unification with desired sex. This road may prove to be infinite. The position of gender re-assignment surgical procedure within the continuum of surgical procedures transexuals resort to allows for observation that transexuals, in fact, are continuously disturbed by abyss between them and ideal feminity (in case of men transexuals) and may never acquire bodily semblance enough to put their mind or gender identity at ease, that is to say that they are insecure in their feminity and their self apprehension is constantly impaired. Thus, it is impossible to render a transsexual somehow belonging to feminine gender solely on the ground of him/her being surgicaly treated. Rather, it is the expressed self apprehension as belonging to feminine gender that could make them what they want to be. This conclusion entails further ones. The most prominent of them is that pronounced desire to be a femine is what transsexual has and ever would have and the aim of the law is to state whether it is sufficient for granting them all rights pertaining to female sex. In context of right to marriage this pronounced desire has to somehow fit into the definition of marriage (marriage is void unless the parties are respectively male and female (Bellinger para 1) or that definition has to be changed because of certain cases which hardly fall within that definition but nevertheless seem to have direct bearing on the marriage. Clearly, transsexual which articulate her gender to be feminine in the marriage tends to have a wife role which will organically consort with other characteristic of feminity she tends to. In Re Kevin (validity of marriage of transsexual) [2001] Fam CA 1074 it was stated that there is no formulaic solution to determining the sex of an individual for the purpose of the law of marriage and â€Å"difference is essentially that we can readily observe or identify the genitals, chromosomes and gonads, but at present we are unable to detect or precisely identify the equally biological characteristics of the brain that are present in transsexuals† But to put right to marriage in direct dependance upon [determining] sex of person seems to be a dead end. The array of cases strating from Corbett v Corbett [1971] P 83 and ending with present case testifies that this approach is hardly efficient. The desicion in Goodwin v UK (2002) 35 EHRR 18 laid ground for re-apprisal of that approach. It reads that the Court found found no justification for barring the transsexual from enjoying the right to marry under any circumstances. Obviously, there are no such impedements springing from the law itself which would prospectively prevent Marginal transvestites from acquiring right to marriage provided that there be a legislative will of Parlament. That the perplexities of that problem partially and briefly stated earlier do prevent House of Commons from passing the bill also seems clear. At the same time, incentives coming out of European court are expressedly painted in colors of progressive and liberative legislative approach. Presently, I belive that formula which will satisfy ‘Europeans’ will involve legislation tending to antecede the resolution of academic debates as regards specific domains of meidine and, in fact, contribute to the progressive and enlighted resolution of those debates. In our case, present state of the law includes some deceptive provisions. It clearly states that parties to marriage are respectively male and female which seems to be consonant with the desire of Marginal transvestites as they tend to artificially acquire ‘maleness’ or ‘femaleness’. At the same time, law and the court do not seem to bother about priciseness of their rendering of that provision. So far, as it occures from the great majority of the cases, the court only have approached notions of ‘maleness’ and ‘femaleness’, construed them to signify biological sex and made efforts to elaborate measures of ascertaining that [original] sex. It is now clear that societal perception of gender does not co-incide with legal one. The court insures the degree of preciseness of that legal perception but apparently, the split between society which eyes Marginal trasvestite and sees a girl, Marginal transvestite which lives and strives to be a girl actually ever-approaching to it, and the Court which eyes Marginal transvestite through microscope and employes all kind of hromosomal tests and technical appliances to disclose that individual’s original and abhorrent side is enormous. Doctors almost at once sided with their patient and developed certain categories (at the beggining ‘Benjamine patient’ and then ‘gender identity disorder’) actually saling transvestites to state as transexuals – taxon compulsory and contigent in itself – which would underscore their unstability at the original gender and destabilizing subjectivity. Another school of medicine tries to buy that category back from the state pointing at the internal incommensurability and incohesiveness of it. It (school) actually speak out that state and society bought the thing which is not what it seems. And it is the time when gender and sex opposition is to reveal fully. As it might be construed from Bellinger case despite her successful effort to approach ‘feminity’ Mrs. Bellinger did not managed to approach ‘femaleness’ which under the present provisions of the law warrant her a right to marriage. Doctors appealed to progressiveness and humanity of legislator so that the latter might confer ‘femaleness’ upon transexuals even if only to save their subjectivity. Unattainable status of, say, ‘femaleness’ is mainly in charge of legal deadend with marriage rights of marginal transvestites. If sex-related approach was changed for gender-related one (first signifies biological sex, second – gender role) within the provisions of the law it will greatly reduce that paintfull dialectics between transsexuals and doctors and transsexuals and law. Though, that changes ought to go with recognition of homosexual marriage. Transsexuals will never agree to register as homosexual family but this will reduce the degree to which marriage right depend on gender re-assignment procedure, which is immaterial to marginal trabnssexuals right to marriage. Number of words: 3558. References: Books: Changing Sex: Transsexualism, Technology, and the Idea of Gender by Bernice L. Hausman; Duke University Press, 1995 The Psychology of Sexual Orientation, Behavior, and Identity: A Handbook by Louis Diamant, Richard D. McAnulty; Greenwood Press, 1995 DNA and Destiny: Nature and Nurture in Human Behavior by R. Grant Steen; Plenum Press, 1996 Journal articles: Transvestism: A Survey of 1032 Cross-Dressers. by Richard F. Docter, Virginia Prince. Journal Title: Archives of Sexual Behavior. Volume: 26. Issue: 6. Publication Year: 1997. Page Number: 589+. Moving gaily forward? Lesbian, gay and transgender human rights in Europe. by Kristen Walker. Melbourne Journal of International Law, June 2001 v2 i1 p122 Paper articles.

Newark Museum :: Art

ROMAN OBJECTS 1. Various Roman Portrait Heads The portrait of a bearded man is from 150-175a.d. It is from the Antoine Period (138-192a.d.). The portrait is realistic to me because it is a sculpture of someone. My impressions on this are that his beard is kind of wavy. His hose has a piece missing or is just damaged real bad. He is made out of marble. His face looks like he is mad or something, real intense. It also looks like it had cuts in his forehead and part of his eye. His hair looks like a pile of whip cream. GREEK GALLERIES 2. Statue of Kouros The color of the stone of the statue of Kouros I would describe it as beige. The repairs to the statue are all over the body. It has cracks all over the arms, chest, back, etc. his headband is fastened by some thing on his head that looks like beads with spaces throughout them. It is from 590-580b.c during the archaic period. It stands pretty tall and also has a little staggered going on with his right foot back and his left foot up. ART OF MESOAMERICA 3. â€Å"Fat Baby† from Olmec Culture The â€Å"Fat Baby† is during the 9th- 12th century b.c.e., during the Olmec period. The figure is white and hollow. The baby seems to be nibbling on his index finger, seating down with his legs open. It is pretty big meaning fat and looks old. It has a hat on that looks light pink and his lip is pulled back. The baby has no fangs and is cracked. It has a straight line going down his back with designs all over the left side. ANCIENT NEAR EASTERN ART 4. Human-Headed Winged Bull It is from the Neo-Assyran period during 883-859b.c.e. The highest relief would be its head. The writing was all around the statue in a different writing. It is very big and tall. It is on a good portion of the corner of a hallway. It looks kind of cool with a bull’s body with wings and a human’s head on it. The face is kind of funny because of the beard I guess if long and real even. The human-headed wing bull had five legs. ASIAN GALLERIES 5. Standing Buddha The standing Buddha is from the 5th century 319-500b.

Pda Connector Case Essay

An additional feature of ConneCtor is its ability to establish wireless links to other ConneCtors for voice and data transfer or to cell phones for voice transfer. For direct data transfer, the product includes an infrared port and also ships with a USB synchronization cradle. In summary, the key features of ConneCtor are: †¢ Instant communication for voice and data †¢ Cell phone, pager, fax and e-mail, and instant messaging †¢ PIM functions †¢ Digital voice recorder †¢ Enabled voice commands †¢ PalmOS application base. The History of the PDA The Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) is basically a hand-held computer. In 1984, the first PDA, the Psion1, was introduced. It could store addresses and phone numbers, keep a calendar, and included a clock and calculator. In 1993, Apple introduced the Newton PDA, which was too bulky, too expensive and had handwriting recognition too inaccurate to be successful. However, the excitement surrounding the Newton hinted that there could be a market for such devices. The broad acceptance of PDA technology then materialized in 1996, when Palm Inc. ame out with the Palm Pilot that featured an elegant user interface and a reliable character-recognition system. By 2001, PDAs had evolved to offer many applications including wireless Internet capabilities, games and music playback. PDAs are designed for very specific tasks and environments: there are custom-built PDAs for amateur astronomers, truck drivers and teachers. In addition, there is specialized software available to fit specific needs; f or example, people in the medical fields can obtain software that lists thousands of drugs with their dosages and interactions. PDA Types The 2001 palm-sized PDA market was mainly composed of two types, each with its own philosophy: (1) the PDA/Palm devices run PalmOS, whose developers sought to make PDAs simple but functional products focusing on Personal Information Management (PIM) tasks; (2) the PDA/Pocket PCs run the more complex operating system, Microsoft Windows CE, which allows these PDAs to offer 1 Source: Marketing Engineering – Lilien and Rangaswamy extensive features. In addition, â€Å"smart† phones are breaking into the PDA world. These wireless application protocol phones extend traditional cell phones with PDA functions such as email and Web access. The original Palm Pilot embodied the PDA/Palm design mission. It provided a simple organizational device, composed of a calendar, an address book and a to-do list with e-mail and Internet access. It also had a character-recognition system that worked for most people. Handspring, Palm’s biggest competitor, introduced snap-on modules to expand the Handspring Visor and allow many applications, including an MP3 player, a web cam and digital camera. These features appealed to the youth market and enabled Handspring to gain considerable market share. In 2001, Palm also offered this same degree of expandability and was able to maintain a market share of more than two thirds; in addition, all of Palm’s close competitors licensed its operating system, PalmOS. Several electronic manufacturers have developed similar devices; for example, Sony introduced Clie as a direct competitor to Palm and Handspring. PocketPCs make up the other group of PDAs, whose manufacturers include Compaq, Hewlett-Packard, Psion and Casio. These hand-held computers come with a large application suite of pocket Windows applications, e. g. , a scaled down version of MS Office. They usually come with more memory than PDA/Palms and with a range of accessories to be added to the devices (e. g. , digital cameras, web ams). However, they are bulkier, heavier and more expensive. In contrast, PDA/Palms perform basic tasks very well and, unlike the PocketPCs, synchronize with non-Windows systems. A new technological thrust in 2001 involved the adoption of wireless technology for the PDA with manufacturers trying to assess if and how to add wireless capabilities. Wireless technology would make synchronization possible without docking, making PDAs true communication tools. AT&T, Nokia and other cellular phone companies have started developing wireless phones with some PDA functions. The PDA Customer As PDA designs have evolved, manufacturers have targeted different segments based on differing lifestyle and business needs. Palm initially captured innovators – people eager to adopt a new gadget. A typical early PDA user was a professional, high-income male. He was over 30 and probably worked in a technology field. Even as of September 2000, 93 percent of PDA users were male, according to IDC, a Massachusetts technology consulting firm. Another major group of users is the mobile professional. Since this group frequently needs access to e-mail and the Internet while away from the office, it is also driving progress on the wireless front. A recent study by the University of California at Berkeley indicated that nearly half of the users had a technical job dealing with computers, and the overwhelming majority of the respondents rated hemselves as technically sophisticated. To attract more mainstream buyers in 2001, companies were working on increasing the usability of the PDA and its general appeal to non business users. For example, the new Claudia Schiffer Palm (sold via her Web site) is supposed to give Palm a sexier image, and Handspring’s Visor line comes in many colors. Palm’s affordable M series ($150) targets college students and other nonprofessional consumers. It is expected that such efforts will eventually open up the largely untapped young consumer and female markets. However in 2001, it appeared unlikely that the bulk of the mainstream population would enthusiastically embrace the PDA. A PDA was still relatively pricey and fairly limited. Handwriting recognition was slow and lacked quality, and keyboard facilities were either non-existent, too big to carry or too small to use. The display screen was too small for most applications other than text display. Internet connections were generally both slow and expensive. In addition, the mainstream market appeared to have little need for many of the more sophisticated features the PDAs were able to offer. PDA Features Given all the available design options, new product entries must make tradeoffs between features. Customers want easy portability, but with more functions the PDA becomes heavier and bulkier. PDA users’ needs are heterogeneous. Those who are looking for a high-tech way to store contact and appointment data may be satisfied with the basic models that cost $200 or less. They also are likely to prefer to keep a PC and cell phone separately rather than having an integrated PDA system that could do both. Users who plan to use the PDA as an extension of a PC by creating and accessing documents, sending e-mail, and doing basic Web surfing, might consider a Pocket-PC in the range of $350–$600. The appendix provides more details on PDA features. Facts about the PDA Market In 2001, many companies participated in the PDA market, bringing in a variety of new products designed to appeal to new audiences. The market was changing and growing rapidly. PDA unit sales totaled 1. 3 million in 1999 and more than doubled, totaling 3. 5 million in 2000 (Source: NPD INTELECT in Business 2. 0).

Black People and Grandfather Essay

8. How can the dream at the end of the story be related to the major incidents that precede it? The dream at the end of the story is about the circus with his grandfather. He refused to laugh at the clowns no matter what they did. There is a relationship between clowns at circus and the black boy in battle royal. They are forced to entertain the white man and are treated as if they are no better than animal. The seemingly endless series of envelopes implies that inequality still continue for a long time until black man fall of weariness and white society will continue to create clowns for their entertainment. 9. Given the grandfather’s advice, explain how â€Å"meekness† can be a â€Å"dangerous activity† and a weapon against oppression. In the death bed the grandfather told his son as well as his grandson keep up a good fight. â€Å"Live with your head in the lion’s mouth†, the grandfather want his son to prepare for himself a mask of meekness, overcome white persons with yeses, underline them with grins, agree them to death and destruction. This meekness is considered as dangerous activity because their family as well as many black men in recent society is controlled and oppressed by the white man. Becoming the white’s favorite is the only way to survive. However meekness is not the same as surrender, it seems to be a shield to conceal a deeper revolutionary spirit. The grandfather bequeathed to his grandson not only strategy to live with â€Å"the lion† but also a weapon against oppression.

Introduction to Squinting Modifier

Introduction to Squinting Modifier A squinting modifier is an ambiguous modifier (commonly an adverb, such as only) that appears to qualify the words both before and after it. Also called a  two-way modifier or squinting construction. A squinting modifier can usually be corrected by changing its position in the sentence. Examples and Observations Here are some examples of a squinting modifier: What you hear often you will believe.Instructors who cancel classes rarely are reprimanded.We agreed at our first meeting to implement the new procedures.The governor threatened after his reelection to increase motor vehicle license fees.I told Merdine when the game was over I would drive her to the bingo hall.Here are some things you might not know we’d like to share.We cant accept completely abstract logic is ambiguous. The adverb completely could modify either the verb preceding it or the adjective following it. Such a modifier is sometimes called a squinting modifierit seems to look in two directions at once. Squinting modifiers can be hard to find when were looking over what weve written, because we ourselves, of course, know what we mean, and the grammar is not incorrect, just ambiguous. The example could be made unambiguous by making it either We cant completely accept abstract logic or We cant accept logic that is completely abstract. For the second meaning, we have to make the sentence more complicated and use a relative clause, because in the original sentence there is no position for completely that will make it unambiguously the modifier of abstract.(Edward D. Johnson, The Handbook of Good English. Simon Schuster, 1991) The Placement of Only I am  only buying organic apples these days.The children only know how to imitate vampires and zombies.Theoretically at least, the placement of only affects the meaning of a sentence . . .. But in practice I only want one, I want one only, and I want only one all have the same meaning, despite differences in rhythm and emphasis. Although you may have learned that only should always directly precede the word it modifies, most contemporary writers on style qualify that rule, pointing out that sentences like these sound stilted and unnatural: Maybe millions of people go by, but I have eyes for only you.And where will it all end only God Knows. In each of the examples, you expect to find only where the adverb usually goes, before the verb, and the unnatural placement impedes the reading. . . . [W]hen only falls into its idiomatic place without causing ambiguity, let it stand.But without causing ambiguity is an important qualification. You can sometimes muddle a sentence by putting only before the verb instead of before the word it modifies. If, for example, you write that The committee only seemed interested in their proposal, readers wont necessarily understand seemed interested only in their proposal. Perhaps the committee was only feigning interest. . . . So take care with your onlys.  (Claire Kehrwald Cook, Line by Line: How to Edit Your Own Writing. Houghton Mifflin, 1985) Only a Handbook Problem? The squinting modifier resides chiefly in college-level handbooks. The term is used as an adverb or phrase that stands between two sentence elements and can be taken to modify either what precedes or what follows. Let us look at an example sent to us from a correspondent in Korea: The store that had a big sale recently went bankrupt. Here recently can be interpreted as modifying either the preceding or following part. But the content of the sentence suggests it is a learners sentence; a native speaker would not be likely to convey the information in such a flat and unspecific manner. The examples of the squinting modifier shown in college handbooks are comparable to the one we have used here, and they seem pretty unlikely to occur in actual writing. (Merriam-Websters Concise Dictionary of English Usage, 2002)

4 mistakes you’re making with your money

4 mistakes you’re making with your money Managing money is a skill that you have to master over time- no one is born with it. And it’s one that can haunt the rest of your life if you’re not careful when you’re younger and just starting out. If you’re hoping to avoid some of the issues that can be most painful later on, there are steps you can take now to improve your money mastery. Let’s take a look at 4 common mistakes you should get under control before they derail your financial future.1. Not saving enoughThis can be one of the hardest things to do if you’re just starting your career and making your way through entry-level or low-seniority jobs. Saving is especially tough if you live in a big city or somewhere else with high living expenses. At the end of the month, there just may not be much left for a savings account, and it’s easy to say, â€Å"later†¦I’ll do it later.† But later comes up awfully fast, so save what you can and stick to a regular depos it schedule. These savings can be a lifesaver if you find yourself suddenly jobless, given that the average job hunt takes several months.2. Not investingAccording to a Bankrate survey, only 54% of Americans invest money. Among millennials, the numbers are even more dismal, at 18%. It may seem difficult to afford when you’re living on a ramen noodle budget, but the reality is that the time to start is when you’re young- you’ll have time to build your portfolio and time is on your side, given that you’ll be better able to absorb market changes over time. You don’t even have to dive into the stock market- you can start with other kinds of funds. NerdWallet has a great how-to guide for beginning investors.3. Not negotiatingDon’t be shy about negotiating pay raises or a higher starting salary. You’ve probably heard the old saying, â€Å"you don’t get what you don’t ask for,† and it’s absolutely true. If you go about the negotiating process in a smart and informed way, you really don’t have anything to lose†¦ but you could be making more money (y’know, for investing and feeding that rainy day fund).4. Not controlling spendingLiving within one’s means can be tricky in an age where your debit card can bring delicious takeout to your door with the ease of an app, or where a credit card makes it easy to ignore the actual spending that’s going on. Creating a realistic budget and sticking to it is one of the best things you can to do prepare for your financial future. It can also help you build in ways to support your other healthy financial moves, like saving extra money and investing.Think of these as healthy habit-building steps. After all, you wouldn’t expect to lose weight without implementing a diet or exercise plan. And again, although it can be very tempting to file financial steps under the â€Å"I’ll deal with it later† heading, it increases the chances that you’ll never actually take the steps at all. You can start building your financial future with relatively small steps now, so why not make sure you’re making your best possible effort?

Multiple Intelligences profile and teaching style Research Paper

Multiple Intelligences profile and teaching style - Research Paper Example We are all so different largely because we have different combinations of intelligences. If we recognize this, I think we will have at least a better chance of dealing appropriately with the many problems that we face in the world (Gardner, 2006, p. 24). Nature, language, and body movement are on the first place in my intelligences profile. Active life and sports are equally important for mind and body, while sensibility to nature and environment sharpens the feeling of responsibility and awareness of the wonderful creatures we live among. Linguistic intelligence is important, because it helps to better express oneself as well as better understand other people. The power of a word was proven by a great philosopher and eloquent speaker, Socrates. Other intelligences with the score higher than 3 are interpersonal, intrapersonal, spatial, logical-mathematical also play important role in my life. Finally, musical intelligence is just 1.57. It is rather low because I neither sing nor play any instruments. However, I pride classical as well as popular music. Obviously, my teaching style is influenced by my intelligences. So, I pay much attention at students’ use of language, their vocabulary and ability to express themselves clearly. Furthermore, I favor students who know a lot about nature and natural processes, while students with musical intelligence are basically left without attention. I think it would be reasonable to include some tasks which are at least partially related to musical sphere. Thus, no matter what one is teaching Armstrong suggests to â€Å"put into a rhythmic format that can be either sung, rapped, or changed† (2009, p. 85). A classroom where all or at least most of the combinations of intelligences are welcomed and developed is the key to the most fruitful learning environment of any subject which is taught. Many educators successfully incorporate Gardener’s MI theory and classroom recommendations in their daily work. Diver se students with different intelligences demand complex and multi-sided approach to teaching philosophy and instructions. Lazear (2003) has employed his personal and professional teaching experience in this theory of multiple intelligences and its application in the classroom. His most observations and practical application are based on teaching his two daughters at high and grade school levels. Lazear (2003) defines teaching strategies in Multiple Intelligences Toolbox. Obviously, appropriate application of the theory of multiple intelligences in classroom creates student-oriented environment. To accommodate diverse students’ learning styles I need to make some changes in my approaches to teaching. It has to be a planned step-by-step approach followed by reflective observation and analysis. Teaching English, for instance, there are many ways of incorporating music into instructions which will both teach English language skills and meet needs of students who are strong in mus ic. After listening to a musical piece by Bach or Beethoven students can be asked to write composition on a specific topic, use specific adjectives or adverbs, express their feelings verbally, write a song or poem on the theme of the music piece. Depending on the grade level students may learn some grammatical rule chanting the song with

Prevalence and incidence rates for diseases or health conditions allow Term Paper

Prevalence and incidence rates for diseases or health conditions allow us to make comparisons between communities - Term Paper Example This essay will compare and contrasts obesity and overweight of the blacks in San Diego against other communities in the country and against the national obesity situation in Canada. CDC (2012) defines body weight affected by a mixture of genes, culture among others; on the other hand, obesity is known as the condition of overweight in which a person has body weight which is more than is considered healthy for that individual’s height. Often the body mass index (BMI) is used to measure this condition however; most medical professionals do not need to use this method as mere observation of the patient can be used to evaluate the condition. According to Shields, Carroll and Ogden (2011), amongst children aged between six to ten years old, it is defined to be at or above the sex and age specific ninety seventh percentile of BMI. On the other hand in adults it is measured as a Body Mass Index of at least 30kg/m2. In the county of San Diego, the number of blacks who are obese is ve ry high and as will be shown below, this community in the county has a high percentage of more then forty percent amongst the adults. Other recent reports have predicted that the number could even be higher amongst children. Adults that may be described as neither overweight nor obese according to the 2009 to 2010 survey of adults in the county amongst the blacks stood at a mere 23.2 percent. In the paragraph below, it is important to compare it against other ethnic and racial communities in the county (California Healthcare Foundation, 2010). In the county of San Diego, the four major ethnic and racial communities used in obesity survey are; blacks, whites, Hispanics and Mexican-Americans. In a survey conducted between 2009 and 2010, blacks had on average the highest number of adults with obesity. Hispanics and Mexican Americans were on average had the highest number of people who are overweight; therefore, the number of adults was determined as people who had the at least 20 years . The percentage number of white people in the county who are obese stood at 33.2 whilst a higher percent of 33.5 percent were overweight. The percentage number of blacks in the county who are obese in the county was the highest at 46.6 percent while only 28.3 percent of the black population in the county was overweight. The percentage number of Hispanics in the county, who are obese, was 38.4 percent and 39.3 percent for the overweight. In the county during a 2009 demographic research, the central region of the county had the highest percentage of obese adults at approximately 29.3 percent whereas the North Central region had a meager 14.2 percent, the lowest in the county amongst obese adults (Ogden et al., 2012). An analysis conducted in the year 2007 and 2009 in Canada to gauge the rate of obesity in the country revealed that the incidence in that country was 24.1 per cent. Unlike in the county of San Diego where there is significant number of blacks amongst the population, Cana da actually has a higher number of South Asians. Over the same period, both reports have revealed some damning information; the prevalence rates of obesity in both regions have increased significantly. The two reports have further noted that the number of obese amongst blacks in San Diego and the population in Canada amongst adult men aged 60 to 74 are very high. In general, whist black population have a

Clinical Epidemiology and Decision Making Case Study Essay

Clinical Epidemiology and Decision Making Case Study - Essay Example These spores thus need water or moisture to germinate and flood provides them the ideal environment to grow. Molds if inhaled can cause allergic reactions that affect the respiratory tract. Other illnesses include sinus congestion, sore throat and breathing problems. The health risks can be more for children and elderly people as well as people with low immune systems. Mold can also have severe implications on structural strength of buildings as well which may compound the problem in flood stricken areas. The field of clinical epidemiology suggests that general practitioners must consider facts based on population based studies of diseases and base their treatment and design preventive measures on these measures. Clinicians may use these statistics towards better patient care. In this paper we attempt to explore how clinical epidemiology may be beneficial to guide and deal with detection, prevention and treatment of mold in flood hit areas. It is pertinent to note that mold may appea r soon after the flood and may carry on until there is moisture. For this reason it is important that the rehabilitation process may not be started unless all moisture dries out. For the purpose, the health practitioners treating the disease need to be advised before and immediately after the floods about the types of molds in the area as well as the extent of illness in the area. Also, the health practitioners need to know about the medical facilities that they would have as well as chalk out a method to deal in case that it takes the form of an epidemic. These practitioners need to be told that they must not look to test every individual due to resources constraints and would be better served to look for symptoms. 2. Types of Molds Evidence from clinical epidemiology suggests that there are three types of molds that can affect people in the aftermath of a flood. These are mentioned below: i. Allergenic These types of molds are the least damaging as they affect only those individua ls that are already weakened by illness or disease and a have a weakened immune system. Although these molds are present all year, they thrive in areas where the moisture content is significantly high. This essentially means that these types of molds can exist in the aftermath of a flood. These molds result in sneezing and cause allergic reactions. Thus they do not have life threatening affects unlike other types of molds that might result in severe respiratory problems including congestion of the windpipe and choking. Mold spores are examples of allergenic molds. ii. Pathogenic This type of mold may cause respiratory tract infections. For persons with a weakened immune system, this may result in severe illness and may be possibly life threatening. However, healthy individuals may develop hypersensitivity but do not incur infection. This is why it is imperative that children and elders are guarded against this type of a mold infection. The bipolaris mold is one example of a pathogen ic mold. The mold may manifest itself as mycotic keratitis and sinusitis etc. This type of a mold can affect both immune-competent as well as immune-compromised individuals with different repercussions. iii. Toxigenic The most devastating strain of mold produces myotoxin which can cause some seriously undesirable health problems. This is an extremely toxic strain of mold which may not only

Fruit Processing Industry In Himachal Pradesh Commerce Essay

Fruit Processing Industry In Himachal Pradesh Commerce Essay The purpose of this paper is to study the fruit processing industry in Himachal Pradesh. This study focuses on three major functional areas of industry i.e. plant capacity utilisation, procurement and distribution system and marketing problems. The study finds that plant capacity is underutilised and there is significant association (X2 (1)=8.713,p Consumption of processed fruit products started since time immemorial. The production was mainly for private household consumption and commercial production started very late. The formal set up of fruit processing for commercial purpose started with the demand arising from defence forces. Dietary habits in the urban areas are rapidly undergoing changes because of the factors like lack of storage facility for fresh fruits at home, scarcity of time and ready availability of these products. The pattern of traditional social structure shows that women stay at home and men folk are at work, but with the emergence of nuclear families and increased number of working women, there is increased need for ready to eat or fast foods. Fruits are an important nutritional requirement of human beings, as these fruits not only meet physical needs to some extent but also supply vitamins and minerals which improve the quality of diet and maintain health. It is therefore, necessary to ensure their availa bility throughout the year in fresh, processed or preserved forms. World over there has been remarkable change in agri-food business during 1980s and 1990s. This was due to greater concentration in agricultural inputs and food distribution, the increasing importance of food quality and safety, and intensifying role of information and logistic technology. The total production of fruits in the world is around 370 million MT India ranks first in the production of fruits at 32 Million MT which is around 8 percent of world fruit production. The international trade of processed fruit products is around US$ 9200 million. The installed capacity of fruits and vegetables processing (FPO Licensed units) is 2.1 million tonnes (MOFPI) and the level of processing of fruit and vegetables in India is 2.02 percent. The low level of processing may be ascribed to lack of processable quality of fruits, seasonal nature of the fruits, and poor infrastructural and post harvest facilities. Fruits are processed into various products such as fruit juice and concentrates, canned fruits, dehydrated fruits, Jams, and Jellies etc. According to the Food and Agriculture organization (FAO, 2006) major fruit processing countries of the world are Brazil, USA, Italy, Spain, Mexico, France, Turkey and Philippines. The level of processing as percentage of total fruit production in the major fruit processing countries is as follows: UK (88%), Malaysia (80%), Philippines (78%), Brazil (70%), USA (60-70%), Israel (50%), Thailand (30%), and China (23%). The total area under fruit in Himachal Pradesh is about 2.07 Lac hectares with a production of about 5.00 Lac MTs of all kinds of fruits. Apple is the major fruit accounting for more than 40% of total area under fruits and about 88% of total fruit production. There are 36,845, micro, small, medium and large scale enterprises of which 444 are in medium and large scale registered with the Department of Industries Government of Himachal Pra desh with an investment of Rs. 10408.41 crore and employment of about 2.42 lakh persons. (Directorate of Industries Govt. Of HP) Himachal Pradesh experiences diverse agro-climatic conditions varying from sub-tropical to humid temperate and cold deserts. The topographical and latitudinal differences accompanied by fertile and well irrigated land makes it convenient to cultivate temperate to sub-tropical fruits. The state has been classified basically into two categories namely, Industrially developing areas and Industrially backward areas. The blocks of Poanta Sahib and Nahan in district Sirmour, Nalagarh and Dharmpur in district Solan, excluding backward panchayats as notified by the government of Himachal Pradesh from time to time fall in the category of industrially developing areas. The rest of the state including industrially backward panchayats and industrially developing areas referred above fall in the category of industrially backward areas. Tribal areas of the state, as notified from time to time have been treated as tax-free Industrial zone. In her effort in processing the huge production of fruits, Himachal Pradesh established its first experimental canning unit in Shimla in the year 1959-60, and its production capacity was enhanced in 1961-62 (Directorate of Horticulture, 2005, Rattan, et.al 2000, Parmar, 2002). The main objective was to utilize the unmarketable surplus of fruits in the state as also to: Standardize recipes for the preparation of products of horticulture production in the state, provide community canning service to the prospective entrepreneur, Educating and training in the preservation of fruit and vegetable at household level. In order to execute a project of world bank the state government incorporated, Himachal Pradesh Produce Marketing and Processing Corporation Limited (hpmc) in 1974 as a subsidiary of Himachal Pradesh Agro. Industries Corporation Limited. The project also helped in imparting training to the officials of hpmc and state Department of Horticulture in modern post-harvest handling system. Private participants in this industry are also producing fruit products at micro, small, medium and large scale. The total fruit and vegetable processing capacity in the state is 55, 000 tones/annum. (Economic Survey 2003-04, hpmc, Directorate of horticulture HP, 2005). The micro, small, and medium scale under micro, small and medium enterprises Act. 2006 (MSME Act 2006) classifies the enterprises in India as follows; Figure 1. Classification of enterprises Sr. no Classification of industrial enterprises Investment limit in plant and machinery of manufacturing enterprise Investment limit of equipments in service enterprises 1 Micro enterprises Up to Rs. 25 Lakh Up to Rs. 10 Lakh 2 Small enterprises Above Rs. 25 Lakh and up to Rs. 5 Crore Above Rs. 10 Lakh and up to Rs. Crore 3 Medium enterprises Above Rs. 5crore and up to Rs. 10 Crore Above Rs. 2 crore and up to Rs. 5 Crore 4 Large enterprises (not classified under MSME) More than Rs. 10 Crore More than Rs. 5 Crore Source: MSME Act. 2006 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY To study the status of plant capacity utilisation in fruit processing industry in HP, To examine the procurement system of fruits and distribution system of fruit products, and To study the problems faced by the industry in marketing its products. In order to fulfil the objectives following hypothesis has been formulated for testing. Hypothesis H01= there is no relationship between plant capacity utilisation and scale of operation of fruit processing industry. H01a= there is no relationship between plant capacity utilisation and type of technology employed. H02= Fruit procurement system is positively related to the fruit products distribution system. H03= there is no relationship between the marketing problems faced by the units and sale of the produce. METHODOLOGY Data Sources: The data has been collected from both primary and secondary sources. Primary data has been collected by administering a structured questionnaire for the producers of fruit products in Himachal Pradesh. Sources of secondary data are Directorate of Horticulture HP, Directorate of industries HP, National Horticulture Board, HPMC, NCAER and journal and magazines from different libraries. Sample: A sample of seventy fruit processing units has been selected from all over the state on convenient sampling basis. This sample comprises of 31 Micro scale, 15 Small scale, 11 Medium scale and 13 Large scale units. Questionnaire: A structured questionnaire has been developed to collect the information personally regarding, general information about producers, product they produce, plant capacity utilisation and the technology, procurement and distribution system and marketing problems. The reliability of the questionnaire ranges between Cronbach alpha .657 to .821. Analysis: Statistical techniques like Mean, Standard deviation, Percent, rank and Loglinear analysis has been used for the analysis. Rank has been calculated by assigning rank one for the most important variable and last for least important variable. The weights are also assigned as one to the most important and two to the second important variable and so on, thus finally variable with least final score shall be the most important variable. Loglinear analysis has been used to analyse three categorical variables i.e. scale of operation (four categories, Micro, Small, Medium and Large Scale units), Type of technology (two categories, Traditional technology and Modern technology) and plant capacity utilisation (two categories, Underutilised and Fully utilised). Those units that have not updated their technology for last ten years are put under the traditional technology category and units that have updated their technology within ten years are put under modern technology category. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Fruit Processing Industry Plant Capacity Utilisation and Type of Technology There are seventy fruit Processing Units out of which 44.3% are Micro Scale, 21.4 % Small Scale 15.7% Medium Scale and 18.6% are in large Scale. Table 1: Sample Characteristics, n=70 Figure 2. Type of unit N Percentage Micro Scale 31 44.3 Small Scale 15 21.4 Medium Scale 11 15.7 Large Scale 13 18.6 Total 70 100 Major products: The major products produced in the state are jam 85.7%, jelly 41.4%, candy 40%, sauce 63.8%, ketchup 62.9%, squash 77.1%, juice 82.9% and pickle 62.9%. Other products produced occasionally are Murabba, chutney and marmalade accounting for 8.6 % of the total produce. Working profile: It is necessary to know whether seasonal nature of the fruits affects the operations of producers. Data regarding number of busy/slack working months in a year, total working days in a month and total working hours a day show that 70 % of respondents have 1-4 busy working months in a year and rest 30 % have 4-8 busy working months in a year. During busy months 11.4% respondents work for 15-20 days in a month and 88.5% work between 20-25 days in a month. All the respondents work for 8-12 hours in busy working month. A majority of respondents (70%) face slack period for 4-8 months and 30% face slack period for 1-4 months. During slack period 82.9 % work for 15-20 days in a month and rest 17.1% work for 20-25 days in a month. 11.4% respondents work for 1-4 hours and 88.6% work for 4-8 hours during slack period. Table 2. Working profile of the fruit processing units in Himachal Pradesh Variables Busy working months Slack working Months N* Percentage N* Percentage Working months 1-4 49 70 21 30 5-8 21 30 49 70 9-12 Working days 15-20 8 11.4 58 82.9 21-25 62 88.9 12 17.1 26-31 Working hours 1-4 8 11.4 5-8 62 88.6 9-12 70 100 N*-Number of Respondents Table 3(a). Scale of Operation, Plant Capacity Utilisation and type of Technology (Data Information) N cases Valid 70 Out of rangea 0 Missing 0 Weighted Valid 70 Categories Scale of Operation 4 Plant Capacity Utilisation 2 Type of Technology 2 a. Cases rejected because of out of range factor value. Table 3(b). K-way and Higher-Order Effects K df Likelihood Ratio Pearson Number of Iterations Chi-Square Sig. Chi-Square Sig. K-way and higher order effectsa 1 15 64.349 .000 100.057 .000 0 2 10 14.801 .140 14.559 .149 2 3 3 3.174 .366 3.170 .366 3 K-way effectsb 1 5 49.548 .000 85.498 .000 0 2 7 11.626 .114 11.389 .123 0 3 3 3.174 .366 3.170 .366 0 a.Tests that K-way and higher order effects are zero. b.Tests that K-way effects are zero. The initial output from loglinear analysis shows that there are 70 cases and three categorical variables, the first variable has four categories (scale of operation) and other two variables have two categories each plant capacity utilisation and type of technology respectively) . In Table K-way and higher order effects Likelihood ratio and Pearson chi-square for K=1 are significant representing that removing this effect will significantly affect the fit of the model. However K=2 and 3 are not significant, therefore removing these effects will not affect the fit of the model. Table 3(c). Step Summary Stepa Effect Chi-Squarec df Sig. Number of iterations Generating Classb Capacity*Technology*Scale 6.794 9 .658 Deleted Effect 1 Capacity*Technology 8.006 1 .005 2 2 Scale 12.883 3 .008 2 a. At each step, the effect with the largest significance level for the Likelihood Ratio Change is deleted, provided the significance level is larger than .050. b. Statistics are displayed for the best model at each step after step 0. c. For Deleted Effect, this is the change in the Chi-Square after the effect is deleted from the model. Table 3(d). Partial Associations Effects df Partial Chi-square Sig. Number of Iterations Scale*Capacity 3 2.310 .511 2 Scale*Technology 3 1.152 .765 2 Capacity*Technology 1 7.848 .005 2 Scale 3 12.883 .005 2 Capacity 1 19.431 .000 2 Technology 1 17.234 .000 2 The K-way and higher order effects for K=2 shows combined two way effect (i.e. Scale*Technology, Scale*Capacity, Capacity*Technology) which is not significant, However Step summary and partial association analysis break down the combined effect into individual effects, which is significant for Capacity*technology. This is also supported by Z statistics as the important interaction. The effect size in loglinear analysis (Capacity*Technology) for Odds ratios is calculated as 5.5. This ratio indicates that odds for full plant capacity utilisation in units using modern technology are 5.5 times the odds for units using traditional technology. The one way interaction (the main effect) of scale, capacity and technology is also significant, indicating that one way interaction is important for this model. Therefore, the analysis seems to reveal fundamental difference between units using traditional and modern technology; units with traditional technology are more likely to face problem of und erutilisation than the modern technology. Table 3(e). Goodness of Fit tests Chi-Square df Sig. Likelihood Ratio 6.794 9 .569 Pearson 6.895 9 .648 Table 3(b). deals with the backward elimination. This indicates that deleting three way interaction (Capacity*Technology*Scale ) will not have significant effect on our model, however deleting two way interaction(Capacity*Technology), and one way interaction (Scale ) will have significant effect on our model. The non-significant value of likelihood ratio and Pearson Chi-Square statistics indicate that the expected values generated by the model are not significantly different from the observed data. In other words, the model is a good fit of data. Table 3(f). Chi-Square Tests Value df Asymp.Sig.(2-sided Exact Sig. (2-sided) Exact Sig. (1-sided) Point Probability Pearson Chi-Square 8.713a 1 .003 .005 .005 Continuity Correctionb 6.933 1 .008 Likelihood Ratio 8.006 1 .005 .008 .005 Fishers Exact Test .008 .005 Linear-by-Linear Association 8.589c 1 .003 .005 .005 .005 N of Valid Cases 70 a.1 cells (25.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 4.37. b. Computed only for a 22 table. c. The standardized statistic is 2.931. The reasons for underutilization of plant capacity are seasonal nature of fruits and lack of infrastructure facility 87.2%, low demand 84.3%, frequent power cuts 27.1%, working capital problem 10% and lack of trained and skilled labour 5.8 %. It has been found that when products are sold directly to the consumers, the returns are higher than when sold to commission agents, the returns are also fair when sold to government and co-operatives. Table 3(d). on partial associations reveals that the significance level of scale*capacity is >.05 indicating that scale of operation and plant capacity utilization are not associated significantly, supporting our null hypothesis (H01). Therefore the results show that under utilization or full utilisation of plant capacity is not related to the fact that the plant is in micro, small, medium or in large scale of operation. Pearson X2 (1)=8.713,p Procurement of Fruits and Distribution of Fruit Products The industry has to rely on multiple sources for procuring fruits. A few units are having contractual relationship with farmers for procuring fruits, however they have to offer finance to the farmers for maintaining the orchid and repayment is done at the time of harvesting. The selection of farmers and the produce is a challenging task for the processers. In most cases visual inspection of the fruits size, damage level and freshness determines whether to accept the delivery. The selection of farmer generally depends on the volume of produce and leadership. Government of Himachal Pradesh has introduced Market Intervention Scheme (MIS) for procuring fruits. Himachal Pradesh Horticultural Produce Marketing and Processing Corporation Ltd (HPMC a state government undertaking) and State department of Horticulture procure fruits which are not suitable for selling in the open market. The processing units may face problem of poor or no packaging, inadequate quality and quantity in the proces s of procurement. Majority of respondents want to acquire fruits from nearest sources. However if supply is inadequate, then they have to move to other places for getting their demand fulfilled. The findings reveal that eighty percent respondents get fruits at block level, 77.1 percent at tehsil level, 81.4 percent at district level, 55.7percent at state level and 10 percent (mostly in large scale) has to get fruits from outside the state. The growers get good price for their produce if producers directly approach them. The fruit procurement system of the industry shows that nearly 87 percent respondents get fruits directly from the growers. The respondents also use other procurement channels like commission agents 61.1 percent, contractors 68.5 percent and government 20 percent. Sale of Produce: All respondents sell their produce in the local market, besides this 86.6 percent sell in neighbouring districts, 70 percent in other states, 4.3 percent each for defence supply, tourism, airlines and for exports. The major reasons for undertaking fruit processing business are availability of fruits locally (57%), cheap labour (54.2%), high market demand (22.7 %) produce because their product is easily saleable and high returns of investment (67.1%) Table 4 (a). Relationship between procurement of fruits and distribution of fruit products Fruit Procurement System and fruit Products Distribution System Strong Fruit Products Distribution System(FPDS) Total Yes No Fruit Procurement System (FPS) FPS helps strengthen FPDS Count 24 25 49 Expected Count 27.3 21.7 49.0 % within FPS 49.0% 51.0% 100.0% % within FDPS 61.5% 80.6% 70.0% % of Total 34.3% 35.7% 70.0% Std. Residual -.6 .7 FPS does not helps strengthen FPDS Count 15 6 21 Expected Count 11.7 9.3 21.0 % within FPS 71.4% 28.6% 100.0% % within FDPS 38.5% 19.4% 30.0% % of Total 21.4% 8.6% 30.0% Std. Residual 1.0 -1.1 Total Count 39 31 70 Expected Count 39.0 31.0 70.0 % within FPS 55.7% 44.3% 100.0% % within FDPS 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% % of Total 55.7% 44.3% 100.0% Table 4 (b). Chi-Square tests (Fruit Procurement System and fruit Products Distribution System) Value df Asymp.Sig.(2-sided Exact Sig. (2-sided) Exact Sig. (1-sided) Point Probability Pearson Chi-Square 3.002a 1 .083 .116 .070 Continuity Correctionb 2.162 1 .142 Likelihood Ratio 3.089 1 .079 .116 .070 Fishers Exact Test .116 .070 Linear-by-Linear Association 2.960c 1 .085 .116 .070 .048 N of Valid Cases 70 a. 0 cells (.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 10.84. b. Computed only for a 22 table c. The standardized statistic is -1720 (X2 (1)=3.002,p The Pearson chi square statistics tests if the two variables are independent. The table 4(b) shows that Pearson chi square is not significant at .05 revealing that fruit procurement system is independent of fruit products distribution system (FDPS). Therefore accepting the null hypothesis (H02) that there is no significant relationship between fruit procurement system (FPS) and fruit products distribution system (FDPS). The results imply that a good raw material procurement system may not have effect on strengthening final product distribution system. Distribution Channels: Different types of Distribution channels are used by the fruit processing industry. All units sell directly to consumers and through retailers, 97 percent also sell through commission agents, 49 percent through wholesalers, and 53 percent through distributors. The factors considered while selecting distribution channels are, deep analysis of target market by 35.7 percent units, channels preferred by consumers 82.1 percent, potential good working of channel members 90 percent and all respondents consider credit worthiness of channel members before selecting them. The responses on storage and cold storage facility indicate that all the respondents need storage facility but only 24.3 percent have their own cold storage facility. The reasons given for not having cold storage facility are , plant located in the cold region 48.6 percent, immediate transportation available 35.7 percent, government cold storage facility available on hire, 8.6 percent , private cold storage facility available on hire 75.7 percent and lack of funds for 72.9 percent units. Marketing Problems of Fruit Processing Industry in Himachal Pradesh The marketing and other problems faced by the consumers are shown in table 5. The problems in order of their seriousness are, Poor roads, Poor quality of goods, Higher cost involved, Lack of market, Lack of transport facility, Lack of publicity, Lack of storage, Lack of cold storage, Lack of packaging material, Non availability of credit, Lack organised marketing system, Lack of procurement system, Perishable nature of products, Distance from roads, Only limited consumers, Distance from city/town, and Ignorance about market. Table 5. Marketing problems ranked on the basis of importance Sr. No. Variable Final Score Final Rank 1 Lack of transport facility 343 V 2 Lack of storage 506 VII 3 Lack of cold storage 533 VIII 4 Poor roads 119 I 5 Lack of market 294 IV 6 Ignorance about market 1119 XVII 7 Poor quality of raw material 203 II 8 High running cost involved 264 III 9 Lack of publicity 416 VI 10 Perishable nature of products 893 XIII 11 Limited consumers/Lack of demand 1079 XV 12 Lack organised marketing system 776 XI 13 Lack of packaging material 632 IX 14 Lack of procurement system 836 XII 15 Non availability of credit 689 X 16 Distance from roads 1067 XIV 17 Distance from city/town 1096 XVI All the respondents have acquired Food Products Order (FPO) as quality standard. And all units adhere to the norms of the standard. However during visit to these units the researcher observed that in some of the units raw material was not properly stored and semi finished products (like pulp, chopped fruits etc.) were lying uncovered, also utensils and flour was not clean. Table 5.1(a). Relationship of sale of produce with marketing problems Sale of Produce and Marketing Problems Face Marketing Problems Total Yes No Sale of Produce Increase in sale Count 8 15 23 Expected Count 12.2 10.8 23.0 % within Sale of Produce 34.8% 65.2% 100.0% % within Face Marketing Problems 21.6% 45.5% 32.9% % of Total 11.4% 21.4% 32.9% Std. Residual -1.2 1.3 Decrease in sale Count 29 18 47 Expected Count 24.8 22.2 47.0 % within Sale of Produce 61.7% 38.3% 100.0% % within Face Marketing Problems 78.4% 54.5% 67.1% % of Total 41.4% 25.7% 67.1% Std. Residual .8 -.9 Total Count 37 33 70 Expected Count 37.0 33.0 70.0 % within Sale of Produce 52.9% 47.1% 100.0% % within Face Marketing Problems 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% % of Total 52.9% 47.1% 100.0% Table 5.1(b). Chi-Square tests (Sale of Produce and Marketing Problems) Value df Asymp.Sig.(2-sided Exact Sig. (2-sided) Exact Sig. (1-sided) Point Probability Pearson Chi-Square 4.491a 1 .034 .043 .031 Continuity Correctionb 3.476 1 .062 Likelihood Ratio 4.534 1 .033 .043 .031 Fishers Exact Test .043 .031 Linear-by-Linear Association 4.427c 1 .0355 .043 .031 .022 N of Valid Cases 70 a. 0 cells (.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expect